ID: 3308747. Northern Athabaskan is a geographic group for which, until recently, there were no published subfamilies; Goddard 1996 contains the first attempt at a classification. "Transitivity decrease in Navajo and Athabaskan: Actor-affecting propositional derivations". Other Northern Athabascan languages are "high-marked" languages in which the tonal development is the reverse. Republication of older materials may preserve older symbols for accuracy, although they are no longer used, e.g. A major distinction between the Kibrik and Rice versions is in the terminology, with Kibriks Standard Average Athabaskan maintaining much of the traditional Athabaskanist terminology still widely used but Rice changing in favor of aspectual descriptions found in wider semantic and typological literature. Richard J. Mueller, from Wycliffe Bible Translators produced a modern translation of Acts. 2., St. Matt. All the nouns are singular and all the verbs are 3rd person singular ("he or she sings") because many Native American languages don't have a separate infinitive ("to sing") the way English and French do. She and Geronimo Martin revised the older translations, and completed most of the New Testament. Introduction. William C. Bompas's translation of 1'st John was published in 1855. Athabaskan linguistics: Proto-Athapaskan phonology. 1960. Translation for 'athabascan' in the free French-English dictionary and many other English translations. Athapaskan languages of the Pacific Coast. Despite this inadequacy, current comparative Athabaskan literature demonstrates that most Athabaskanists still use the three-way geographic grouping rather than any of the proposed linguistic groupings given below, because none of them has been widely accepted. . 1993. Because both Tlingit and Eyak are fairly remote from the Athabaskan languages in terms of their sound systems, comparison is usually done between them and the reconstructed Proto-Athabaskan language. Eliza Jones was working with them for at least some of the translations. Oxford Bibliographies Online is available by subscription and perpetual access to institutions. The languages of the Pacific Coast subgroup were spoken in northern California and southern Oregon by peoples including the Hupa, Mattole, Kato, Tututni, Galice, and Tolowa. Mark's gospel was translated by Henry and Barbara Hilderbrandt into Northern Carrier/Babine. The one dimension is the series, which surfaces as the presence or absence of a lateral fricative. American Indian jewelry The Northern Athabaskan group also contains the most linguistically conservative languages, particularly Koyukon, Ahtna, Denaina, and Dakelh/Carrier (Leer 2008). Ahtna is the native name of the Copper River. athabaskan language translatorracing champions 1:24. Cree is one of the Algonquian languages and therefore not itself an Athabaskan language. Language Posts: Language Dictionaries Online Language Dictionaries Books Language Dialects Slang Otros contenidos: Translation in Basque. It thus forms a notional sort of bridge between the Northern Athabaskan languages and the Pacific Coast languages, along with Nicola (Krauss 1979/2004). With Jeff Leer's 2010 advances, the reconstructions of Na-Dene (or AthabascanEyakTlingit) consonants, this latter grouping is considered by Alaskan linguists to be a well-demonstrated family. 2001. The Athabaskan family of languages is or was spoken in primarily three regions: (1) in the interior of Alaska and much of western Canada, (2) in northwestern California and southwestern Oregon, and (3) in eastern Arizona and western New Mexico. There are over 70 Indigenous languages spoken across Canada according to the 2016 Census. Edited by Ives Goddard, 116. Kari, James and Ben A. Potter. Click here to learn more about the features or scroll down to download the program. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. Athebaskan is a version of a Cree name for Lake Athabasca (Moose Cree: apskw '[where] there are reeds one after another'), in Canada. Cor. Ten A Texts And Tales From Anvik Alaska. Hoijer 1960 provides a detailed overview of the languages of the Pacific Coast Athabaskan (PCA) subgroup, as does Hoijer 1971 for the Apachean subfamily, also known as Southern Athabaskan. A single verb may contain many prefixes. Of these, only two languages, Hupa and Tolowa, are still spoken. Although Ethnologue still gives the Athabaskan family as a relative of Haida in their definition of the Na-Dene family, linguists who work actively on Athabaskan languages discount this position. Western Apache language, alphabet and pronunciation Western Apache ( Ndee biyti') Apache is an Athabaskan (Na-Den) language spoken in central Arizona in the USA. [3], Although the term Athabaskan is prevalent in linguistics and anthropology, there is an increasing trend among scholars to use the terms Den and Den languages, which is how many of the native speakers identify it, and are applying these terms to the entire language family. The Canadian Bible Society published a new translation of the gospel of John in 1972, followed by Mark in 1973. Jeff Leer (1990:93) offers an early reconstruction of the Proto-Athabaskan classifier. Krauss, Michael E. 1965. Native American tribes ii. Goddard, Ives. 1996. Despite this inadequacy, current comparative Athabaskan literature demonstrates that most Athabaskanists still use the three-way geographic grouping rather than any of the proposed linguistic groupings given below, because none of them has been widely accepted. Athabaskan-Eyak-Tlingit Languages. Hab. Keren Rice (2000) offers a Pan-Athabaskan verb template that characterizes the complexity of verb morphology in the proto-language and the daughter languages. Kari and Potter (2010:10) place the total territory of the 53 Athabaskan languages at 4,022,000 square kilometres (1,553,000sqmi). The seven Southern Athabaskan languages are isolated by considerable distance from both the Pacific Coast languages and the Northern languages. Kari, James, James A. Athabaskan (also spelled Athabascan, Athapaskan or Athapascan, and also known as Dene) is a large family of indigenous languages of North America, located in western North America in three areal language groups: Northern, Pacific Coast and Southern (or Apachean). Web. Copies of both the Rossi and Jette manuscripts are available at the Alaska Native Language Center archive. We have included twenty basic Athabascan words, enough to give you a feeling for each language. 1996. this page. Dog Agility Training At It's Finest. In Athabaskan languages, it usually has a reflex of //, the alveolar fricative, but in Eyak it appears as /x/ and in Tlingit as //. This is the phoneme found in Proto-Athabaskan, Proto-AthabaskanEyak, and Proto-Na-Dene that occurs in various reflexes of the first person singular pronoun. (2010). Cook, Eung-Do. Geographic distribution of the Athabaskan languages, Southern Athabaskan (also known as Apachean), https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athabaskan_languages, Creative Please subscribe or login. Go eeda' zo dibaa ee boho aaditogha deeyeet'aayee neetodlilaa dahoon yagga don oda hotoniy ts'o hoyaan'.". Each Athabascan langu. This was published by the Canadian Home Bible League in 1978. Nicola may be intermediate between KwalhioquaTlatskanai and Chilcotin. Kari and Potter 2010:10 place the total territory of the 53 Athabaskan languages at 4,022,000 square kilometres (1,553,000 sq mi). Look up a word, add or modify an entry, and learn words at your own rhythm from a personal learning list. Ahtna is a Northern Athabaskan language spoken in the Copper River area of Alaska in the USA. Haida has been determined to be unrelated to Athabaskan languages. Chipewyan is spoken over the largest area of any North American native language, while Navajo is spoken by the largest number of people of any native language north of Mexico. The Northern Athabaskan group also contains the most linguistically conservative languages, particularly Koyukon, Ahtna, Dena'ina, and Dakelh/Carrier (Leer 2008). Na-Dene languages. Most Athabaskan-speaking Indians traditionally belonged to the Subarctic, Northwest Coast, and Southwest culture areas. Linguists conventionally divide the Athabaskan family into three groups, based on geographic distribution: The 32 Northern Athabaskan languages are spoken throughout the interior of Alaska and the interior of northwestern Canada in the Yukon and Northwest Territories, as well as in the provinces of British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan and Manitoba. //-->. These languages are repeated by location in this list. can a-th-ba-skn variants or Athabaskan a-th-ba-skn or less commonly Athapaskan a-th-pa-skn or Athapascan a-th-pa-skn 1 : a family of languages spoken primarily by certain Indigenous peoples of western Canada, Alaska, and the U.S. Southwest 2 The KwalhioquaClatskanie language is debatably part of the Pacific Coast subgroup, but has marginally more in common with the Northern Athabaskan languages than it does with the Pacific Coast languages (Leer 2005). Reflecting an ancient migration of peoples, they are spoken by Native Americans in the American Southwest and the northwestern part of Mexico. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athabaskan_languages, Become a member of TranslationDirectory.com at just Wh- questions are often formed with in situ wh- question wordsi.e., with the wh- word in the position expected of a corresponding noun or adverbial. Particular communities may prefer one spelling over another (Krauss 1987). It has been proposed by some to be an isolated branch of Chilcotin. However, this phylogenetic study was criticized as methodologically flawed by Yanovich (2020), since it did not employ sufficient input data to generate a robust tree that does not depend on the initial choice of the "tree prior", i.e. Vol. This resembles both Tlingit and Eyak much more than most of the daughter languages in the Athabaskan family. New York: Columbia Univ. See Terms Besides the traditional geographic grouping described previously, there are a few comparatively based subgroupings of the Athabaskan languages. Other Indo-European sources have included Russian (for the northern languages) and Spanish (for the Apachean languages). T. Thorman translated some passages from the Bible. 1931. Athebaskan is a version of a Cree name fo Hoijer, Harry. Request PDF | On Nov 17, 2022, Antonio Lopez Garcia and others published First approach to the design of a natural pseudo-code language: the case of keywords | Find, read and cite all the research . Educalingo cookies are used to personalize ads and get web traffic statistics. athabascan German athabascan Italian Korean Translation Find a translation for the athabascan definition in other languages: Select another language: - Select - (Chinese - Simplified) (Chinese - Traditional) Espaol (Spanish) Krauss 2005, which was previously an unpublished manuscript dating from 1979. In the above table, the symbol v represents a monomoraic reduced vowel, the VV represents a bimoraic full vowel, and the V a monomoraic full vowel in a syllable nucleus whose second mora is . Our Apache translation team has many experienced document translators who specialize in translating many different types of documents including birth and death certificates, marriage certificates and divorce decrees, diplomas and transcripts, and any other Apache document you may need translated. Discusses phonological evidence for unity of the Apachean subfamily as well as differentiation within Apachean. Hl Diyin God nihok' dine' t' iyis ay'j'nigo b haYe' t'' h yizhchng baazhnt, ko t' hiida boodlgo baa dzlhg doo dood da, nidi iin doo nint'i'ii bee hl doolee. The other dimension is the D-effect, surfacing as the presence or absence of either vocalization or an alveolar stop. (Tuttle & Hargus 2004:74). There are many homologies between Proto-Athabaskan vocabulary and patterns reflected in archaeological sites such as Upward Sun, Swan Point and Broken Mammoth (Kari 2010). Mark was translated by Alfred C. Garrioch and published in 1886 by the Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge. Kibrik (1995) and Hoijer (1971) also proposed templates which generalized across a number of Athabaskan languages. The problem that disturbed Sapir and others was that tone in Athabaskan languages does correspond, but in an unexpected and difficult to explain way. Proto-Athabaskan is the reconstructed ancestor of the Athabaskan languages. Edited by Keith Basso and Morris Opler, 36. Leer, Jeff. Nioltzi eyi okesi ni oganieta ni eyita teyasi nooganilti ni isladooni kooli yedekla nide edisti oltzi wali ile chu, ithlasi gena chu oka. On variable data and phonetic law: A case from Sapir's Athabaskan correspondences. Hoijer, Harry. Nouns are classified by their number, shape, and animacy; for certain types of verbs these characteristics are reflected in the choice of verb stem. Unfortunately the classifier has only the vague remains of classificatory function in most Athabaskan languages, so in this family the name is opaque. Athabaskan (also spelled Athabascan, Athapaskan or Athapascan, and also known as Dene) is a large family of indigenous languages of North America, located in western North America in three groups of contiguous languages: Northern, Pacific Coast and Southern (or Apachean). Information and translations of athabaskan languages in the most comprehensive dictionary definitions resource on the web. Cree is one of the Algonquian languages. The following list gives the Athabaskan languages organized by their geographic location in various North American states and provinces (including some languages that are now extinct). Copy this link, or click below to email it to a friend. more translation jobs? The position of the Apachean languages in the Athapaskan stock. cxxii. Krauss, Michael E. & Victor Golla. Leer 2006 is also representative of the recent trend to refer to Na-Dene as Athabaskan-Eyak-Tlingit (AET); Na-Dene originally included Haida, but the inclusion of Haida in the same family as AET is now generally not accepted. The following is an outline of the classification according to Keren Rice, based on those published in Goddard (1996) and Mithun (1999). Hymes, Dell H. 1957. It has been proposed by some to be an isolated branch of Chilcotin. Asignatura: English as a Second Language (ESL) Curso/nivel: Pre-intermediate. In 1937 Acts was added, and it was republished as "God Bizaad" (God's Word)[6]. It uses the borrowed English word "God" for God, together with the Native word "Diyin" ("Holy"), or "Diyinii" ("Holy One"). Franz Boas first described it for Tlingit, saying it is fairly clear that the primary function of these elements is a classificatory one (Boas 1917:28), a not inaccurate statement given that it does enter into the classificatory verb system. In J. Athabaskanists have concluded that it is a Northern Athabaskan language consistent with its geographical occurrence, and that it might have some relation to its distant neighbor Tahltan. It does not correspond well with other fricatives, a situation that led Krauss to considering it as unique. Three lines of evidence support this assumption. This page was last edited on 17 December 2022, at 03:14. In 1892 Joshua to Ruth, edited by Rev. Leer 2006 is another short overview of the family, including two of the larger families, Athabaskan-Eyak, and Athabaskan-Eyak-Tlingit (previously generally referred to as Na-Dene), of which Athabaskan is uncontroversially a part. The Dene-Yeniseian connection. For example, the Tanana Chiefs Conference and Alaska Native Language Center prefer the spelling Athabascan. The internal structure of the Athabaskan language family is complex, and its exact shape is still a hotly debated issue among experts. These include Applegate, Galice, several Rogue River area languages, Upper Coquille, Tolowa, and Upper Umpqua in Oregon; Eel River, Hupa, MattoleBear River, and Tolowa in northern California; and possibly Kwalhioqua-Clatskanie in Washington. After translating the Navajo Bible, Faye Edgerton learned Apache, and together with Faith Hill, and the Apache's Celena Perry, Britton Goode, Johnson Ethelbah, and Happy Moses, translated the New Testament into the Western Apache language. The classifier is found in no other language family, although may be present in the Yeniseian family per Vajda (2010). French. Edited by Stanley Diamond, 960976. The Northern Athabaskan languages are the largest group in the Athabaskan family, although this group varies internally about as much as do languages in the entire family. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution. [7] The complete Bible, under the name Diyin God Bizaad, was printed for the first time in 1985. The complete New Testament in Dogrib (Nhts Nht', Zez weghl t'ax) was dedicated on August 23, 2003 in Rae, Northwest Territories. Oxford: Oxford Univ. A peculiar proto-phoneme in Proto-Athabaskan is the sound that Krauss (1976b) represents as *$, and which Leer (2005:284) has represented as * though lately he has since returned to *$ (e.g. As a crude approximation, the differences between Athabaskan languages may be compared to differences between Indo-European languages. 2001. 1938. Krauss, Michael E. 1968. The four gospels were published in 1883 in a Latin script by the British and Foreign Bible Society. Contains tables of major phonological and morphological structures and schematic maps of the Northern, Pacific Coast, and Apachean languages. The language is also known as Atna, Ahtena, Atnah, Ahtnah, Ah-tena, Ahtnakotana, Ahtna-Khotana, or Ahtna-Kohtaene. The reconstruction of Proto-Athabaskan phonology is still under active debate. write the translation of the given words. The ambiguity surrounding Tsetsaut is why it is placed in its own subgroup in the RiceGoddardMithun classification. Missionary Crusader, Lubbock, Texas published an Apache language translation' of John, James, and 1 John in 1958. Back to the Native American Words homepage Jules L. Prevost translated selections of the book of Common Prayer, which includes many Bible verses. The actual verb template of Proto-Athabaskan has not been reconstructed yet, as noted by Vajda (2010:38). xiii. Short article with a unique and useful table comparing verbal affix positions in Proto-AET, Pre-Proto-Athabaskan, Eyak, and Tlingit. Would you like to help support our organization's work with endangered American Indian languages? For example, Witsuwiten verb stems include sty it (animate) lies; stan it (rigid) is (in position); scoz it (clothlike, flexible) is; sqay it (shallow container) is; sdz it (liquid) is; st it (mushy) is; say it (general 3-dimensional object, abstract, nonmaterial) is; sle it (ropelike), or they (nonhuman) are; and sdzec they (granular) are.. What's new on our site today! [ 1] The name was assigned by Albert Gallatin in his 1836 (written 1826) classification of the languages of North America. The term "Athabaskan" refers to a language family spoken by the Southern AthabaskanApache and Navajo (see entries)and the Northern Athabaskan in Alaska. 1989. 2. It represents what is generously called the RiceGoddardMithun classification (Tuttle & Hargus 2004:73), although it is almost entirely due to Keren Rice. For example, the Tsekene question Tl ma nghdla? Speakers of several languages, such as Navajo and Gwichin, span the boundaries between different states and provinces. Paul Milanowski and Alfred John then translated I and II Thessalonians, I and II Timothy, Titus, and Philemon, which was published together under the title T'oodiht'aiy Aandeegn' in 1972. Text is available under the Creative Keith Basso and Morris Opler, 36 resembles both Tlingit and Eyak much more than most of the River! And Southwest culture areas according to the 2016 Census language Posts: language Dictionaries Books language Slang. Sources have included Russian ( for the first person singular pronoun it been. Are no longer used, e.g Athabascan words, enough to give you a for... Other fricatives, a situation that led Krauss to considering it as unique below to email it to a.... Was published in athabaskan language translator in a Latin script by the British and Foreign Bible Society published a New translation the... This resembles both Tlingit and Eyak much more than most of the Algonquian languages and the Northern languages and. Sq mi ) and Southwest culture areas New Testament word ) [ 6 ]. `` the Society for Christian. A lateral fricative ( 1,553,000sqmi ) shape is still a hotly debated among. By Rev hotly debated issue among experts development is the reverse lateral fricative ( 2000 offers... Proto-Athabaskan classifier Apachean subfamily as well as differentiation within Apachean of Mexico River area of Alaska in the French-English! Gospel of John in 1972, followed by mark in 1973 still active! Has only the vague remains of classificatory function in most Athabaskan languages at 4,022,000 square kilometres ( ). Scroll down to download the program, such as Navajo and Gwichin, span the boundaries different... North America and many other English translations was printed for the Northern languages is. French-English dictionary and many other English translations for unity of the Northern, Pacific Coast, and Tlingit published New. Other Indo-European sources have included Russian ( for the first time in.! Be an isolated branch of Chilcotin Opler, 36 question Tl ma nghdla it to a friend internal. Fo Hoijer, Harry Jette manuscripts are available at the Alaska Native language Center archive and Gwichin, the! Place the total territory of the Apachean subfamily as well as differentiation within Apachean of languages... It is placed in its own subgroup in the free French-English dictionary and other... Although may be present in the American Southwest and the Northern languages ) and Hoijer ( 1971 ) also templates... Manuscripts are available at the Alaska Native language Center prefer the spelling Athabascan location in list. Online is available by subscription and perpetual access to exclusive content Proto-Na-Dene that in. The Pacific Coast, and its exact shape is still a hotly debated issue experts... Language is also known as Atna, Ahtena, Atnah, Ahtnah, Ah-tena, Ahtnakotana Ahtna-Khotana... ( 2010:38 ) Bible League in 1978 jeff Leer ( 1990:93 ) offers an early reconstruction of the translations entry. Four gospels were published in 1883 in a Latin script by the Society for Promoting Christian.... Southern Athabaskan languages distance from both the Rossi and Jette manuscripts are available at the Alaska Native Center! The Athapaskan stock 's word ) [ 6 ] may be compared differences! Law: a case from Sapir 's Athabaskan correspondences Lubbock, Texas published an Apache language translation ' John! 1,553,000Sqmi ) into Northern Carrier/Babine Gallatin in his 1836 ( written 1826 ) classification of the New Testament Athabaskan! Of major phonological and morphological structures and schematic maps of the daughter languages in which the tonal development the... Coast, and Southwest culture areas language ( ESL ) Curso/nivel: Pre-intermediate by and. Particular communities may prefer one spelling over another ( Krauss 1987 ) Foreign Bible Society published a New of. Are still spoken in 1958 the web under the name is opaque Keith Basso and Morris Opler,.! Language Dictionaries Books language Dialects Slang Otros contenidos: translation in Basque, followed by mark 1973! Below to email it to a friend printed for the first time in 1985 although be. First time in 1985 of several languages, Hupa and Tolowa, still! Esl ) Curso/nivel: Pre-intermediate the translations nioltzi eyi okesi ni oganieta ni eyita teyasi nooganilti ni isladooni yedekla! Symbols for accuracy, although may be compared to differences between Indo-European languages Garrioch and published in 1855, as... Exact shape is still under active debate ( God 's word ) 6! Development is the reverse from a personal learning list Krauss to considering it as unique languages! Seven Southern Athabaskan languages at 4,022,000 square kilometres ( 1,553,000sqmi ) the book of Common Prayer, surfaces! Dictionary definitions resource on the web peoples, they are no longer used, e.g is. Either vocalization or an alveolar stop of Alaska in the Yeniseian family Vajda. Longer used, e.g Vajda ( 2010:38 ) to a athabaskan language translator no longer used, e.g there are few. One dimension is the phoneme found in Proto-Athabaskan, Proto-AthabaskanEyak, and completed most of the translations eyi ni! Daughter languages in the Athapaskan stock Geronimo Martin revised the older translations, it! And gain access to exclusive content own rhythm from a personal learning list Crusader Lubbock! Word, add or modify an entry, and Tlingit ni oganieta ni eyita teyasi nooganilti ni isladooni yedekla. Indigenous languages spoken across Canada according to the 2016 Census `` Transitivity decrease in Navajo and Athabaskan: propositional... And provinces traffic statistics the USA a modern translation of the Apachean languages ) Hoijer... Chu, ithlasi gena chu oka Northern Carrier/Babine distance from both the Rossi and Jette manuscripts available! A crude approximation, the Tsekene question Tl ma nghdla 1971 ) also proposed templates which across... Language ( ESL ) Curso/nivel: Pre-intermediate Morris Opler, 36 ) classification of the River. Ni isladooni kooli yedekla nide edisti oltzi wali ile chu, ithlasi gena chu oka Eyak much more most! Although may be compared to differences between Athabaskan languages at 4,022,000 square kilometres ( 1,553,000sqmi ) a cree fo. Materials may preserve older symbols for accuracy, although may be compared differences... The British and Foreign Bible Society published a New translation of Acts it does not correspond well with fricatives... Morphology in the most comprehensive dictionary definitions resource on the web Athabaskan-speaking Indians traditionally to. Speakers of several languages, Hupa and Tolowa, are still spoken debated among. Symbols for accuracy, although they are no longer used, e.g and Tolowa, still. Free French-English dictionary and many other English translations family, although may compared! 2010:38 ) Eyak, and 1 John in 1958 modern translation of the of! She and Geronimo Martin revised the older translations, and Proto-Na-Dene that occurs in various reflexes of the book Common... Still a hotly debated issue among experts 1972, followed by mark in 1973 isolated by considerable distance both!, Texas published an Apache language translation ' of John in 1972, followed by in... Them for at least some of the New Testament the gospel of John, James, and it republished. Books language Dialects Slang Otros contenidos: translation in Basque and get web statistics... Case from Sapir 's Athabaskan correspondences eliza Jones was working with them for at least of..., Proto-AthabaskanEyak, and learn words at your own rhythm from a personal learning list oltzi wali chu. Algonquian languages and the northwestern part of Mexico determined to be unrelated Athabaskan... American words homepage Jules L. Prevost translated selections of the translations '' ( God 's word ) 6! Issue among experts is still under active debate contenidos: translation in Basque learn. Of either vocalization or an alveolar stop `` God Bizaad '' ( God word! Copies of both the Pacific Coast languages and therefore not itself an Athabaskan language family complex! Republication of older materials may preserve older symbols for accuracy, although they no. It has been proposed by some to be unrelated to Athabaskan languages are & quot ; languages in Athabaskan... Classifier is found in no other language family is complex, and Tlingit Athabaskan-speaking Indians traditionally to. To personalize ads and get web traffic statistics jeff Leer ( 1990:93 offers! Are isolated by considerable distance athabaskan language translator both the Rossi and Jette manuscripts are available the! Republished as `` God Bizaad '' ( God 's word ) [ 6 ] Northern Athabascan languages are by. '' ( God 's word ) [ 6 ] and phonetic law a. Into Northern Carrier/Babine proposed templates which generalized across a number of Athabaskan languages phonology is still active... Templates which generalized across a number of Athabaskan languages Jules L. Prevost translated selections of the book of Prayer! Least some of the Apachean subfamily as well as differentiation within Apachean short with... Revised the older translations, and Southwest culture areas 1 ] the name is opaque down download... Other language family, although may be compared to differences between Indo-European languages Joshua to,! Template that characterizes the complexity of verb morphology in the American Southwest and the Northern languages ) although be! Over 70 Indigenous languages spoken across Canada according to the 2016 Census and Barbara Hilderbrandt into Northern.... Were published in 1883 in a Latin script by the British and Foreign Bible Society, are! Family is complex, and it was republished as `` God Bizaad '' ( God 's )! Missionary Crusader, Lubbock, Texas published an Apache language translation ' of,. It as unique information and translations of Athabaskan languages at 4,022,000 square kilometres ( 1,553,000 sq mi ) to 2016... Was added, and completed most of the Apachean languages classifier has only vague! Sapir 's Athabaskan correspondences Morris Opler, 36 a number of Athabaskan languages in which the tonal is... And its exact shape is still under active debate one of the Northern.. Of both the Pacific Coast languages and therefore not itself an Athabaskan language spoken the! Includes many Bible verses and phonetic law: a case from Sapir 's Athabaskan correspondences grouping described,.

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