"[331], In July 2013, BP made a motion in court to freeze payments on tens of thousands of claims, arguing inter alia that a staff attorney from the Deepwater Horizon Court-Supervised Settlement Program, the program responsible for evaluating compensation claims, had improperly profited from claims filed by a New Orleans law firm. "[246] ProPublica reported that workers were being photographed while working with no protective clothing. Damage Assessment, Remediation, and Restoration Program. Let us know. It is possible to add fertilizers, such as iron, nitrogen and phosphorus, to stimulate the growth of such bacteria, an approach used to speed up microbial activity in the sediment along the Alaska. Stout S A and Payne J R 2016 Chemical composition of floating and sunken in-situ . [127][128][129], A 2011 analysis conducted by Earthjustice and Toxipedia showed that the dispersant could contain cancer-causing agents, hazardous toxins and endocrine-disrupting chemicals. Heat stress was found to be the most pressing safety concern. "The Impact of the BP Oil Spill on Visitor Spending in Louisiana: Revised estimates based on data through 2010 Q4, Prepared for the Louisiana Office of Tourism", "Summary of Information concerning the Ecological and Economic Impacts of the BP Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill Disaster", "BP costs for oil spill response pass $3billion", "Smaller BP's profits down as oil spill trial looms", "Time to scrap BP brand? If that proves to be the case, the sheen can be expected to eventually disappear. This incident was caused by an explosion of the Deepwater Horizon offshore drilling unit located in the Gulf of Mexico capable of drilling down to 9144 meters deep under water [11] . [132] However, some independent scientists and EPA's own experts continue to voice concerns about the approach. The Deepwater Horizon accident has brought oil contamination of deep-sea environments to worldwide attention. [364][365][366] Three more BP employees were charged in November 2012. Though fitted loosely over the BOP and allowing some oil to escape, the cap enabled BP to siphon approximately 15,000 barrels of oil per day to a tanker. [116] Booms were criticized for washing up on the shore with the oil, allowing oil to escape above or below the boom, and for ineffectiveness in more than three- to four-foot (90120cm) waves. What resulted from this one incident was an economic, political, scientific and legal nightmare. [259] Due to the loss of the market value, BP had dropped from the second to the fourth largest of the four major oil companies by 2013. A lock (LockA locked padlock) or https:// means youve safely connected to the .gov website. This entailed pumping cement through a channelknown as a relief wellthat paralleled and eventually intersected the original well. Oil spill accidents occur several times in the Indonesian sea, including Jakarta Bay. Bioremediation is a method used to treat water, soil, and subsurface material pollutants through changing environmental conditions to catalyze the growth of microorganisms and reduce the target pollutants 4. [252][253], A study that investigated the health effects among children in Louisiana and Florida living less than 10 miles from the coast found that more than a third of the parents reported physical or mental health symptoms among their children. Limiting nutrients are usually nitrogen, sulfur, phosphate, and sometimes iron because when a large amount of hydrocarbon is present, microbes will degrade it by anabolizing it into biomass [10]. [191] PAHs can harm marine species directly and microbes used to consume the oil can reduce marine oxygen levels. "[342][343] The DOJ also said Transocean, the owner and operator of the Deepwater Horizon rig, was guilty of gross negligence as well. Gas-station owners divided", "Despite BP oil spill, Louisiana still loves Big Oil", "FB10-055: BP Oil Spill: NOAA Modifies Commercial and Recreational Fishing Closure in the Oil-Affected Portions of the Gulf of Mexico", "Deepwater Horizon/BP Oil Spill: Size and Percent Coverage of Fishing Area Closures Due to BP Oil Spill". $159.5 million Civil Penalty Ruling Against Anadarko Petroleum Co. [3], From April to mid-July 2010, 411controlled in-situ fires remediated approximately 265,000bbl (11.1million USgal; 42,100m3). [319][321] It criticized BP for its failure to run a cement bond log test. Fish and Wildlife Service and the. [278], On 30 April, President Obama dispatched the Secretaries of the Department of Interior and Homeland Security, as well as the EPA Administrator and NOAA to the Gulf Coast to assess the disaster. [84], Transocean's Development Driller III started drilling a first relief well on 2 May 2010. [165] However, biogeochemist Chris Reddy said natural microorganisms are a big reason why the oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico was not far worse. [4][49] By early June 2010, oil had washed up on 125mi (201km) of Louisiana's coast and along the Mississippi, Florida, and Alabama coastlines. [326] The Mississippi Center for Justice provided pro bono assistance to 10,000 people to help them "navigate the complex claims process." The study was published in the April 2016 Diseases of Aquatic Organisms. According to BP and the USCG, it is "not oil and it's not harmful. 1) The use of dispersants can be harmful to the environment but it is necessary to increase the rate of crude oil degradation by microbes. [131] According to BP and federal officials, dispersant use stopped after the cap was in place;[132][133] however, marine toxicologist Riki Ott wrote in an open letter to the EPA that Corexit use continued after that date[134] and a GAP investigation stated that "[a] majority of GAP witnesses cited indications that Corexit was used after [July 2010]."[135]. According to EPA's report, the released amount is not enough to pose an added cancer risk to workers and coastal residents, while a second research team concluded that there was only a small added risk. A limitation of their methodology was that some VOCs may have already evaporated from the oil before they began their investigation. Post-oil spill samples on the other hand, contain mostly oil-degrading organisms with drastic decrease in diversity. At the same time, organisms able to digest light components of the oil began to multiply, starting the process of converting the pollutant to carbon dioxide . The rig capsized and sank on the morning of April 22, rupturing the riser, through which drilling mud had been injected in order to counteract the upward pressure of oil and natural gas. An official website of the United States government. Oil spill transport and fate models are effective tools which allow a . These traditional techniques are limited in effectiveness and are expensive due to the large area affected by the BP oil spill. Corrections? GSF Development Driller II started drilling a second relief on 16 May 2010. Major oil spills in the GoM such as the Deepwater Horizon (DWH 2010) and the Ixtoc 1 (1979) resulted in extensive pollution of the pelagic, sea-floor, and coastal ecosystems. [325] In June 2012, the settlement of claims through the GCCF was replaced by the court-supervised settlement program. The Deepwater Horizon accident has brought oil contamination of deep-sea environments to worldwide attention. Due to the effectiveness and lower cost of bioremediation, two methods. The Deepwater Horizon oil spill that occurred in 2010 was one of the most devastating oil spills in history. In addition to the private lawsuits and civil governmental actions, the federal government charged multiple companies and five individuals with federal crimes. Study to Examine Health Effects in 'Deepwater Horizon' Oil Spill Cleanup workers", "Exposing the human side of BP's oil spill", "BP Oil Spill Cleanup Workers Getting Sick, Exxon Valdez Survivor Warns of Long-Term Health Effects", Experts: Health Hazards in Gulf Warrant Evacuations, Health Hazard Evaluation of Deepwater Horizon Response Workers, "BP Reportedly Preventing Clean-Up Workers From Wearing Respirators", "Fisherman files restraining order against BP", "Petition Urges Obama Admin to Protect Gulf Spill Cleanup Workers", "OSHA Says Cleanup Workers Don't Need Respirators", "Coast Guard Photos Show Spill Workers Without Protective Gear", "What BP Doesn't Want You to Know About the 2010 Gulf Spill", "Investigation: Two Years After the BP Spill, A Hidden Health Crisis Festers", "Living on Earth: Research Update on the Impact of BP Oil Spill", "Gulf of Mexico Oil Spill & Ecosystem Science Conference (2123 January 2013, New Orleans, LA)", "BP Deepwater Horizon spill: Scientists say seafood safe, but health effects being measured", "2016 Gulf of Mexico Oil Spill and Ecosystem Science Conference", "2017 Oil Spill and Ecosystem Science Conference". This webpage is limited to EPAs enforcement-related activities only, and does not cover all legal or other actions against BP Exploration & Production and other parties for the spill, such as private party/class action settlements for medical claims and economic damages, or other actions against those responsible for the spill. [61] [274][275] On 8 July, Florida Governor Charlie Crist called for a special session of the state legislature to draft an amendment to the state constitution banning offshore drilling in state waters, which the legislature rejected on 20 July.[276][277]. Brown pelicans and laughing gulls were among the species most affected. However, it was verified in June that the plumes were in fact from the Deepwater spill. Biostimulation is the adding of nutrients and other growth limiting resources to stimulate the growth of indigenous oil-degrading microbes to increase the rate of remediation. 4 million barrels of oil flowed from the damaged Macondo well over an 87-day period, before it was finally capped on July 15, 2010. The success of these procedures cleared the way for a bottom kill, considered to be the most likely means of permanently sealing the leak. Two weeks after the wellhead was capped on 15 July 2010, the surface oil appeared to have dissipated, while an unknown amount of subsurface oil remained. Site managers Donald Vidrine and Robert Kaluza were charged with manslaughter for acting negligently in their supervision of key safety tests performed on the rig prior to the explosion, and failure to alert onshore engineers of problems in the drilling operation. [303] The student body president expressed that students would be "very disappointed. 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